利用OD数据的人群活动分析     

李佳  刘海砚  陈晓慧  李静  康磊 《测绘与空间地理信息》2022,(2):58-62,66

OD数据包含了城市居民活动模式,对于分析城市居民的活动、把握居民出行模式和城市空间结构具有重要意义.因此,本文提出了一种区域流动计算方法,运用区域流动倾向指数和区域主体流向来挖掘居民活动的模式.首先,根据时空粒度对区域的OD流进行统计,把OD数据映射到相应的区域内;然后,计算每个区域在不同时间段的流动倾向指数(包括流入...  相似文献   

青藏高原东北缘地壳地震各向异性研究进展     

刘同振  高原 《中国地震》2023,39(2):225-242

青藏高原东北缘是青藏块体与华北块体的接触前缘部位,是研究青藏高原隆升扩张和深部动力学问题的重要区域。本文收集了青藏高原东北缘及其邻区由不同方法和不同资料获得的地壳地震各向异性结果,介绍了中上地壳和全地壳各向异性特征;结合区域地质构造、地表运动、构造应力和深部结构,分析了研究区域地壳各向异性的区域分布特征及其与地质构造的关系。结果表明,青藏高原东北缘地震各向异性存在明显的横向区域差异性,体现区域深部构造和地壳介质变形的复杂性;上地壳与全地壳的垂向差异性,反映出该区域可能存在各向异性分层现象。由于青藏高原隆升在其东北缘的伸展边界、物质运移及深部动力模式等尚处在探讨之中,结合多种数据并综合多种方法分析,有助于获得精细、准确的地震各向异性信息,为研究青藏高原隆升演化机制和深部动力模式提供有效的约束。  相似文献   

Upper crustal anisotropy observed around the Longmenshan fault in the 2013 M_S7.0 Lushan earthquake region          下载免费PDF全文

Lijun Chang  Zhifeng Ding  Chunyong Wang 《地震科学（英文版）》2018,31(4):187-198

Based on the shear wave splitting analysis of the seismic recordings at 17 temporary stations and three permanent stations, we measured the shear wave splitting parameters (i.e., the polarization direction of fast shear wave and the time delay of slow wave) to perform a systematic analysis of the crustal seismic anisotropy around the Longmenshan fault in the 2013 M_S7.0 Lushan earthquake region. We observed apparent spatio-temporal characteristics in the shear wave splitting parameters. The spatial distribution of fast polarization directions showed a clear partitioning in the characteristics from northwest to southeast in the focal region, which changed from NW-SE to NE-SW. In the northwest of the focal region, the fast polarization direction was oriented to NW-SE, which was parallel to the maximum horizontal compressive stress direction. However, the NE-SW fast polarization direction in the southeast of the focal region was parallel to the Longmenshan fault strike. For station BAX on the Central fault in the middle of the focal region, the distribution of fast polarization directions showed a bimodal pattern, with one dominant in the NE-SW direction and the other in the NW-SE direction. With regard to the temporal variation, the time delays were large in the initial stage after the mainshock but then gradually decreased over time and tended to be stable in the later period. This indicated that stress in the focal region increased to a maximum when the main shock occurred, with the stress release caused by the mainshock and aftershock activity, and the stress gradually decreased after a period of time. The scatter of fast polarization directions was large after the main shock, but over time the scatter gradually decreased, indicating that the Lushan earthquake caused a large perturbation in the local stress field. As the stress gradually decreased and was adjusted by the aftershock activity, the perturbation gradually weakened.  相似文献   

Frequency‐dependent principal component analysis of multicomponent earthquake ground motions     

《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(5):1360-1366

Stochastic ground motion simulation techniques are becoming increasingly popular because of enhanced computation power enabling direct simulation of complex response quantities. Priestley process assumption is the most general approach for stochastic modeling of earthquake ground motion. However, a framework for multicomponent ground motion simulation using the general Priestley process assumption is not available. Multicomponent motions are useful especially when the correlation structure between them significantly influences the response. The present study proposes a framework for frequency‐dependent principal component analysis (PCA), which facilitates Priestley process–based simulation of multicomponent ground motions. The study focuses only on the frequency‐dependent PCA part, and the results show high dependency of the principal components/directions on the frequency bands of the signals. The present work also advocates that the frequency‐dependent PCA should be preferred to the conventional PCA as the former can address the issues related to the frequency‐independent uniform modulation associated with the latter.  相似文献   

Damping estimation of high-rise buildings considering structural modal directions     

Qiu-Sheng Li  Kang Zhou  Xiao Li 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(6):543-566

One widespread problem in damping estimation of high-rise buildings is the neglect of structural modal directions, which may induce beating in measured dynamic responses along building geometric axes and thereby induce errors in damping estimations to some extent. Based on a proposed two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) simulation model, the effects of neglecting the modal directions on damping estimate are systematically investigated. The results show that the angular differences between the modal directions and the building geometric axes, as well as the frequency difference between the involved modes, both have significant effects on the damping estimate of high-rise buildings. This paper proposes a spectral method to determine the modal directions of high-rise buildings and further validate this method by an analysis of full-scale measurements from four skyscrapers. The damping ratios estimated based on the responses along the identified modal directions are more accurate than those based on those measured along the building geometric axes. Furthermore, an empirical prediction model for damping ratio of high-rise buildings with heights over 200 m is proposed based on the field measured damping results of several buildings with consideration of the modal directions. The objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of damping estimation of high-rise buildings and therefore provide useful information for the structural design of future skyscrapers.  相似文献   

2017年8月九寨沟MS7.0地震序列S波分裂特征     

黄春梅  吴朋  苏金蓉  王宇航  魏娅玲  李大虎  颜利君 《华北地震科学》2020,38(1):29-37

采用质点运动判别法与偏振分析法相结合的方法,测定了四川九寨沟7.0级地震余震序列的S波分裂参数:快波偏振方向和慢波延迟时间,获得了6个台站S波分裂参数结果:位于余震密集区的L6202台有2个快波优势偏振方向(NNE向和近EW向),在主震后1个月其快波偏振方向为近EW向,随着余震的发生应力得到释放,其快波偏振方向调整为NNE向;L5111台无明显的快波优势偏振方向,体现了该区域复杂的地质结构和主震后应力调整作用;L5112台的快波优势方向为NNE向,与岷江断裂走向大体一致;位于余震密集区东侧的JZG台快波偏振方向为NW向,与塔藏断裂的走向一致;位于余震密集区南侧的L5110和L5113台的快波优势偏振方向为近EW向,与九寨沟区域应力场方向基本一致;各台站的归一化平均慢波延迟时间在1.2~5.0 ms/km范围内,L6202、L5112台的平均慢波延迟时间明显大于JZG、L5110台,反映出余震密集区的应力积累强于其他区域。  相似文献   

同球向双球面减隔震支座关键部件力学参数影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

于伟栋  张永亮  冯亚成  胡尊洁 《地震工程学报》2019,41(5):1199-1206

以同球向双球面减隔震支座中的剪力销与减震榫耗能器为研究对象,针对减隔震支座剪力销和减震榫力学参数的影响因素及其规律进行研究。通过反应谱分析和有限元数值模拟的方法讨论了墩高和场地类型变化对剪力销剪断力的影响和减震榫几何参数对减震榫力学性能的影响,同时分析了减震榫在屈服荷载和极限荷载作用下的应力应变分布情况。结果表明,支座剪力销剪断力受墩高和场地条件的影响较大,不能简单地取支座竖向力与某一百分数的乘积设置剪力销的剪断力;减震榫的力学性能主要受d₀、L₁和L3个几何参数控制,本文给出的几何参数对减震榫力学性能的影响规律为减震榫力学参数的初步设置提供了参考。  相似文献   

测线布设方向的不同对海底显示的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏伟  刘雁春  肖付民  翟国君 《海洋测绘》2004,24(3):28-31

通过对几种典型海底沿不同方向布设测线所得到的拟合海底与原海底进行比较,发现测线布设方向的不同对海底显示的影响可归结为两种效应：平滑效应与伸缩效应。同时指出：对非线性平坦海底,沿梯度总方向布设测线、对于海底闭包按极坐标法布设测线可以很好地消除这两种效应的影响,从而达到完善海底显示的目的。实例分析结果验证了结论的正确性,该法可用于实际作业提高测深线布设对海底显示的准确度,同时直接构成海道测量智能设计系统的测深线自动布设建模。  相似文献   

南海深水盆地油气地质特征及勘探方向     

王雪峰  李林  王国雨  王彬  刘艳红  闫春  毛超林  孙国忠 《海洋地质前沿》2021,37(1):1-10

在深入调研南海深水盆地油气地质条件的基础上,系统分析了油气分布规律和成藏主控因素,明确了油气资源潜力和有利勘探方向,旨在为南海深水油气勘探决策提供科学依据。研究结果表明:南海深水盆地发育在非典型边缘海大陆边缘,其石油地质条件具有特殊性,油气分布特征存在显著的南北差异。其中,南海北部深水的珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地,以构造圈闭型油气藏为主;南海中南部深水的曾母盆地南部和文莱-沙巴盆地,主要为构造圈闭型油气藏,曾母盆地北部以岩性油气藏(生物礁滩型油气藏)为主,万安盆地主要为构造圈闭型和基岩潜山型油气藏。南海北部深水盆地和中南部深水盆地的烃源岩、储盖和圈闭等油气地质特征表明,南海深水盆地具有巨大的油气勘探潜力。南海深水的有利勘探方向为:①琼东南盆地乐东-陵水凹陷的中央峡谷、陵南斜坡带,松南-宝岛凹陷的反转构造带,宝岛凹陷北坡海底扇,长昌凹陷的环A洼圈闭带(海底扇);珠江口盆地白云凹陷的主洼深水扇、主洼两翼、西南断阶带,荔湾凹陷的深水扇。②南海中南部深水盆地的文莱-沙巴、曾母和万安盆地。  相似文献   

测风激光雷达与风廓线雷达的探测性能评估及数据融合     

夏芸洁  韦涛  李林  赖悦  孙雪琪  张治国  孙赫敏 《气象科技》2024,52(2):151-162

测风激光雷达和风廓线雷达作为L波段探空测风的有效补充,均可以提供高时空分辨率的大气风场信息,然而由于工作原理和适用条件存在明显差异,在探测性能上各有优缺点,单一设备的探测数据已不能满足精细化预报的要求。本研究使用2020年1—5月北京南郊观象台的L波段探空资料对同址观测的测风激光雷达和风廓线雷达进行了数据质量评估,结果表明测风激光雷达与探空的一致性较高,U、V分量的相关系数分别为0.97和0.98,均方根误差分别为1.1和0.95 m·s-1,然而在2 km以上数据获取率较低且偏差较大;风廓线雷达与探空相比,U、V分量的相关系数分别为0.94和0.93,均方根误差分别为2.94和2.91 m·s-1,风廓线雷达的探测距离虽然更远,但在0.5 km以下和6 km以上的测量偏差较大。考虑到两种测风雷达在不同探测高度上的性能优缺点,提出分段曲面拟合法对两者的水平风资料进行融合处理,并选取个例对融合效果进行验证,结果表明,融合后的风廓线与融合前相比,风向和风速的一致性均得到明显提升。  相似文献